A Comprehensive Guide to 80 Lowers: Everything You Need to Know

The world of firearms enthusiasts is ever-expanding, and one of the most intriguing areas of this community is the trend of building firearms from 80 lowers. Whether you’re looking to customize your own weapon or simply want to learn more about the process, this guide will give you an in-depth understanding of 80 lowers, their uses, benefits, legalities, and how to finish them to create a fully operational firearm.

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What is an 80 Lower?

An 80 lower is essentially an unfinished lower receiver for firearms like the AR-15, AR-10, or other similar rifles. The 80 lowers is called so because it is only 80% complete, meaning it requires further work to become functional as part of a working firearm. Most of the major features—like the magazine well and some of the internal cuts—are already partially milled, but it still needs to be drilled and completed before it can be used.

In other words, it is a DIY project for firearm enthusiasts who want to complete the lower receiver themselves. After the 80 lower is finished, it becomes the foundation for building a fully operational rifle or carbine. While the 80 lower is not yet a firearm until completed, once the project is done, it’s considered a fully functional weapon under the law.

Why Choose an 80 Lower?

There are a variety of reasons why gun owners, hobbyists, and builders alike turn to 80 lowers to build their own firearms. Here are some of the top benefits:

1. Customization at Its Best

One of the biggest advantages of using an 80 lower to build a firearm is the complete customization it offers. By completing the lower receiver yourself, you have the opportunity to choose every part and feature that fits your personal needs and preferences. From choosing the handguard, stock, and barrel to selecting specific trigger types and safety components, an 80 lower allows you to build a weapon that is truly unique to you.

For example, you can choose a lightweight lower for a more agile rifle, or a heavy-duty one if you need something sturdier. You also get to decide on aesthetics, ergonomics, and performance, ensuring that your firearm suits both your style and functional needs.

2. Affordability

While building a firearm from an 80 lower does require an upfront investment in tools and parts, it can often be more affordable in the long run. Pre-assembled rifles typically cost more due to the added labor and assembly fees. By sourcing individual parts and building the firearm yourself, you have more control over the cost and can often find deals on parts.

Additionally, buying 80 lowers in bulk or opting for a less expensive, yet high-quality option, can help you keep the overall cost of the firearm lower. The price of an 80 lower itself is relatively inexpensive when compared to a fully assembled firearm, and this cost-saving factor is one reason so many gun owners decide to take the DIY approach.

3. Skill Development and Education

Building your own firearm from an 80 lower is a highly educational experience. As you complete the lower receiver and assemble the various parts of your firearm, you gain a deeper understanding of how each component works. This knowledge can be incredibly valuable if you ever need to repair or modify your firearm in the future.

Learning to work with tools like a milling machine or drill press is another valuable skill that can extend beyond just firearms. Completing an 80 lower teaches you precision and craftsmanship and can build your confidence in working with tools and machinery. It’s also a great way to learn more about firearm mechanics, allowing you to troubleshoot and improve the functionality of your weapon in the future.

4. Privacy and Legal Flexibility

In many states, purchasing an 80 lower does not require a background check or any federal paperwork. This is because the 80 lower is not yet classified as a firearm—until it is completed, it is considered just a part. This offers an additional layer of privacy for those who are interested in keeping their firearm ownership confidential.

However, once the lower receiver is completed and assembled, the firearm will be subject to the usual laws governing firearms in your jurisdiction. It’s important to note that the completed firearm will need to comply with both federal and state regulations, including background checks and registration if necessary.

Legal Considerations When Building From 80 Lowers

Before diving into the process of completing an 80 lower, it’s critical to understand the legalities that govern them. While 80 lowers are legal to purchase and possess in many places, the legal landscape can vary depending on where you live. Here are some key legal points to keep in mind:

Federal Laws

At the federal level, 80 lowers are not considered firearms until they have been completed. This means that purchasing an 80 lower does not require a background check, and you can legally purchase them online or from gun stores, even if you do not have a firearms license. However, once the lower is finished, it is subject to all the laws and regulations that govern firearms.

The 80 lower will need to be serialized before it can be legally transferred, and you must comply with all necessary laws regarding firearm ownership and transfer when selling or giving away the completed firearm. Be aware that if you attempt to sell or transfer the weapon without complying with these laws, you could face legal consequences.

State-Specific Laws

State laws can vary significantly when it comes to 80 lowers. Some states, like California and New York, have stricter regulations, requiring that 80 lowers be serialized and registered with the state after completion. Other states, like Texas and Arizona, are more permissive, allowing 80 lowers to be completed and kept without any special registration requirements.

It is absolutely crucial that you check the laws in your state before purchasing and finishing an 80 lower. In some states, you may be required to submit the completed firearm for registration with local authorities, while in others, you may have more freedom. Always make sure you understand both federal and state laws to ensure compliance and avoid any legal issues.

How to Complete an 80 Lower: A Step-by-Step Guide

Completing an 80 lower requires patience and precision. While it’s certainly a DIY project, it’s one that requires attention to detail and the right tools to ensure the best results. Below is a general overview of how to complete an 80 lower:

Step 1: Gather Your Tools

Before you begin, you will need a few essential tools to finish your 80 lower:

• Jig: This is a guide that will hold the lower receiver in place while you work. It ensures that all the cuts and holes are precisely drilled and aligned.
• Drill press or milling machine: These are necessary for making precise cuts and drilling the necessary holes for the trigger group, magazine release, and other components.
• Drill bits: Specific drill bits are needed for various parts of the receiver.
• End mills: These are used to mill the fire control pocket and other parts of the receiver.
• Clamps: To secure the jig and receiver while you work.

Step 2: Install the Jig

The first step in completing your 80 lower is to install the jig. This will hold the receiver in place while you make the necessary cuts and holes. Most jig kits come with instructions, so be sure to follow them carefully to avoid mistakes.

Step 3: Drill the Holes

The next step is to drill the holes for the trigger pin, hammer pin, and other necessary components. This is a critical step in ensuring that the parts fit correctly later. Use the appropriate drill bits and be sure to keep the drill press steady for precision.

Step 4: Mill the Fire Control Pocket

This is arguably the most important step. The fire control pocket is where the trigger, hammer, and other critical parts fit, so it needs to be precisely milled to the correct depth and dimensions. A milling machine or an end mill will be used for this task. Make sure to follow the specifications exactly.

Step 5: Final Assembly

Once the 80 lower is completed, you can begin assembling the parts. This includes installing the trigger, hammer, magazine release, and any other components that are part of the rifle. Once everything is assembled, you’ll have a fully functional firearm.

Conclusion

Building a firearm from an 80 lower is a rewarding and customizable process that gives you complete control over the design and functionality of your firearm. Whether you’re a hobbyist looking to learn more about firearms or someone who simply wants a unique, customized weapon, an 80 lower is an excellent choice.

However, it’s important to remember that there are legal considerations when it comes to both the construction and ownership of firearms made from 80 lowers. Always be sure to check both federal and state laws to ensure compliance and avoid any legal pitfalls. Once you’ve completed your 80 lower, you’ll have a fully functional, one-of-a-kind firearm that you’ve created with your own hands.